Support and backing for terra cotta or other facing blocks



' 1,642,842 Sept 20 1927' F. c. DAVIS SUPPORT AND BACKING FOR TERRAGOTTA OR OTHER FACING BLOCKS Filed Sept. 24, 1923 @Sheets-Sheet 1ifm/iwf a sept. 2o, 1927. 1,642,842

F. C. DAVIS SUPPORT AND BACKING FOR TERRA GOTTA OR OTHER FACING BLOCKSFiled Sept. 24. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f/ INVENTOR Patented Sept. 29,1927;

PATEN V, `F"RniniR-ICK C. DAvIs, or sAN FRANCISCO, CALiFoRNIA.

sUPPoRTvAND RACKING kFCR TERRACOTTA R OTHER FACING BLOCKS.

'4 "Application med september 24, i923. seriai No. 664,360.

invention relates to ksupports and x backing for terra .cotta and otherfacing blocks, 'and the object/is to improve the present methodsfofsupporting and holding in place: terra cotta, artiicial stone, cementorzconcrete blocks, etc..in front of cementl or Vconcrete fwall surfacespreviously inj stalled, such asireinforced concrete, concrete,

' collectively f cement or grout around structural steel. orotherf'metal. Y

This 'obj ect l .accomplish by the provision of iive new units to beused individually or yThelirst unit consists of-a U-shaped stapleembeddedin the wall on frequent horizontal centers and serving the newand useful duty of receivingk the: vertical load rfrom the usualadjustable"hangershooked around a horizontalrodfor pin. 'This-vU-shapedstaple also acts-'as a vdowel'y support to the added load above.4 f

The second v ledges formed'on .the concrete face of .thewallfto"help}resist the'shear of the vertical loadp..v "l

)The third unit consists of-dowels onfrequent" centers embedded in thewall. These dowels receive the kvertical'load from above Y r and fromhangershooked'around horizontal rodsor pins below asA welllas to" Vdowelthe concrete. groutito"the.,.fa`ce of the concrete Vwall,.etc.rv i y Thefourth unit' consists of a combination of afloop, a brace, a dowel,l andan anchor embedded in lthe vwall on `frequent centers, and 'usuallyreferred toas a loop-braceanchor. VThe principal use' ot thisloopbrace-anchor istohorizontally tie, hook or anchor the blocks to theconcrete face ofthe wall.

The fifth unit consists vof yextensions yof wires or rods to be placedover the above mentioned dowels, anchors and U-shaped staples and,A thusact .as additional `ties and reinforcements in the concrete grout.

One form which my invention may assume is exemplilied in the followingdescription Vand illustrated in fthe accompanying drawing, in which;

Fig. 1 shows a tionV of abuilding .embodying Y my invention. K. Fig. 2shows arperspective viewv of a `por-y tionofthe sairleLw-f.V

sions 14 through the use of the ty unitconsists of grooves or Fig.'3shows avertical section of the concrete wall and -wooden forms.

`Fig; 4 shows a horizontal section'through the wall.

The concrete wall is indicated at 10 and' the terra cotta facing isindicated at 11;. The: Wallis made with grooves or deprese Vof woodenforms indicated at13 in Fig. 3.p The purpose of so grooving the wall isto provide a better bond with the grout backing 12y between the terracotta blocks and the concrete wall.

At the time of installing the forms for the concrete wall I arrange uponthe woodenl forms U-'shaped staples 16, grooves 14, dowels 15 andloop-braceanchors 17. The U-sliaped staple 16 is adapted to receive ahanger 25 whichmayl or may not extend through a notch 26 in the terracotta block and has a hooked end 19 to engage a rod 20, the rod beingextended through horizontal holes in the webs and ends of the terraCotta blocks... This hanger 25 may be either ad l justable through a nutand washer 21 thread- -dowels also support hook-'shaped hangers 22,

which in turn are used to support lintels 23 by engagement withhorizontal rods 24, and, in other instances, by engaging the member 22with the holes in the blocks. y

The loop-braceanchor 17 is shown in detail in Fig. 4 and consists of awire bent double near the center and formed with a loop at one end. Thisloop-braCe-anchor is inserted in an opening in the wooden form, usuallyfrom the outside, and,`when driven home, the part to be embedded in theconcrete may or may not spread apart somewhatl in the shape of a V,leaving a loop and one end projected from the concrete when later AV,placed and thus provide a pin or dowel vertical section of a por-yanchor and a loop staple for horizontally anchoring the blocks to thewall.

Wires orrods 18 are also hung over these U-shaped staples 16, dowels 15and loop-V brace-anchor 17 and eXtend into or near the vcellular spacesin the blocks for forming additional reinforcement for shear and areusually referred to as extensions.

Modern practice and protection against dama-ge in case of fire requirethat built-up girders and I-beams be enclosed with ref. inforcedconcrete and this requirement makes it impossible to use aniron plate oran angle iron as a shelf to support terra cotta, as they both cut in twothe reinforced concrete fire-proofing. l

Furthermore, a shelfI angleiron attached by bolts embeddedeither in thefire proofing around beams .and girders or in reinforced concretespandrels is diflicult to construct and is:unsa,tisfactory on accountofthe bolts not registering with the holes in the angle iron when. thelatter are installed. As a. result, these` bolts are oftendoosened inthe concrete when struck with a sledge hammer tolget them to registerwith` the holesinV the angleiron. These shelf angle ironsare usuallyeither a little too high or too low and the terra cotta often has itsstructural strength cut way in order to. adjust itself to thepositifonof the shelf angle iron. Further diificulty is found in securelyanchoring the; terra cotta below to the iron plateV or angle iron above,both of which prevent the grout fr-omgetting downL intothe terra cottabelow to embed the metal anchors for stability and to insure againstfutureirusting out ofthe anchors and angle iron or iron plates.

The U staples with the adjustable hangers 25' holding up the continu-oushorizontal rods 2O are" comparatively light in weight, less expensive,easily installed, positive in action, permit-.definite solid groutingwith concrete, and thereforefare dependable structural supportsandprotection against rust. Furthermore, they overcome the manydi'liculties encountered with shelf iron plates and angle irons,allasiabove recited;

Since there cannot be a dependable bond between the vertical faces ofconcrete which are not poured at. the same time, neit-her can it beexpected thatthereiwill be a dependablel bond between grout backing ofterra cotta and the vert-ical face of' concreteY surfaces of Vbeams andgirders which has been poured: weeks previously. The grooves and ledgesof the present invention malte a dependable bond: and successfullyresist the verticalshear between the older concrete surfaces and thegrout which mechanically supports the terra cotta.

The dowels canv easily be placed in the wooden forms by the laborers ofthe contractor forv theconcrete, and, as these dowels arel embedded inAthe concrete of beams and girders and.v later enclosed in the grout, theterra cotta andr the grout and the concrete structure thereby become onemonolithic unit.

In prior practice it is usual to employ tie y rods or wires which areloose at each end, one end being turned down into the terra cotta andthe other end hooked into a metal loop embedded in the concrete. Such ananchor requires more work to shape and place and is difficult to makerigid. This difliculty is overcome by my new device which comprises, aloop, a dowel, a` brace and an anchor easily inserted in the woodenforms and .securely embedded inl. the reinforced concrete, includingbeams, girders, spandrels, piers, Walls,.etc. The-.loop senvesgasf astaple to1hold'thetemporarytieivvire` from the terra; cotta andflaterto. hold; a loose anchor; or: anchors. They single or doublearm when.

fastened into; theanchor hole of thex-terra cotta acts, as a; dowel, abrace; andi-as: ai.

rigid anchor to holdtheterra'-` cotta, firmly,v

in line while:v beingi filled with, grout, con-- crete or; brick, or.lefthollow. Y The metal wire or rod extensionszvvhichl areihung overthedowels, staples or anchors and which extendinto the 1 cellular' spacesof the terra cotta, or elsewhere, act asian addi*` tional metalreinforcement 1n the` concrete andgroutand materially assist toneutralize` thef diagonal` and vertical components of.- the loaddeveloped by the Weight ofl the` terra cotta, thus moreA fully carryinglout :the reinforced concrete method of supports;

Havingthusdescribed my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is 1. In a; building construction ofi-the classidescribed, a concretewallLhaving grooves on.: the face thereof, aplurality of anchoring members embedded in.v said; Wall and havingportions projecting beyond the. face=thereof, facing blocks, carriedby'- saidV anchoring members. in j spaced relation to`- the concrete;Y

wall face,.concrete grout` between the facing.

block and concrete.` Wall to engage the facing. blocks and the grooveson the face: of the; concrete4 wall, and means; for attachinfr theanchoring meanstofthe said-facing blolrs. Y

2;. Iny a building construction of the class described, aiconcretewallfhaving grooves on` thev face thereof, a pluralityofianchoring,4 members embedded in said Wall andhavingl portions projectingybeyond the face thereof, facing blocks carried by said anchoringkmembersin spaced relation. to the concrete wall face, concrete groutbetween the facingV block; andA concrete wall to engage the facing.:blocks and the grooves on the face ofithe:` concrete Wall, mean's forattaching thefanchoring meansto the saidlfacingrblockasaid lastmentioned means including rods eX; tending through openings in the'facing blocks and bolts connecting said rods with the anchoringmernbersin the Wall.

3. In a buildingconstruotion ofthe class described, a concrete Wallhavingy grooves on the face thereof, a plurality of anchoring;

members embedded in said Wall and having portions projecting beyond ytheface thereof, facing blocks carried 'by said anchoring members in spacedrelation to the concrete 5 Wall face, concrete grout between the facing.Y block and concrete Wall to engage the facing y blocks and the grooveson the face of the concrete Wall, meansk for attaching the an= choringmeans to the said facing blocks, said means including hooks engaginglopenings 10 in the facing blocks and in turn hooked onto the anchoringmembers in the wall.

FREDERICK C. DAVIS.

